生物質(zhì)直接燃燒發(fā)電生物質(zhì)直接燃燒發(fā)電技術(shù)是指利用生物質(zhì)燃燒后的熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為蒸汽進(jìn)行發(fā)電，在原理上，與燃煤火力發(fā)電沒有什么區(qū)別。其原理是將儲(chǔ)藏在生物質(zhì)中的化學(xué)能通過在特定蒸汽鍋爐中燃燒轉(zhuǎn)化為高溫、高壓蒸汽的內(nèi)能，再通過蒸汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)子的動(dòng)能，通過發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為清潔高效的電能。直接燃燒發(fā)電是將生物質(zhì)在鍋爐中直接燃燒，生產(chǎn)蒸汽帶動(dòng)蒸汽輪機(jī)及發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)電。生物質(zhì)直接燃燒發(fā)電的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)包括生物質(zhì)原料預(yù)處理、鍋爐防腐、鍋爐的原料適用性及燃料效率、蒸汽輪機(jī)效率等技術(shù)。
Biomass direct combustion power generation technology refers to the use of thermal energy from biomass combustion to convert into steam for power generation. In principle, it is no different from coal-fired power generation. The principle is to convert the chemical energy stored in biomass into internal energy of high-temperature and high-pressure steam through combustion in a specific steam boiler, then convert it into kinetic energy of the rotor through a steam turbine, and convert it into clean and efficient electrical energy through a generator. Direct combustion power generation refers to the direct combustion of biomass in a boiler to produce steam and drive a steam turbine and generator to generate electricity. The key technologies for biomass direct combustion power generation include biomass raw material pretreatment, boiler anti-corrosion, boiler raw material applicability and fuel efficiency, steam turbine efficiency, and other technologies.
生物質(zhì)氣化發(fā)電生物質(zhì)氣化發(fā)電技術(shù)是把生物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為可燃?xì)怏w再利用可燃?xì)怏w，燃?xì)獍l(fā)電設(shè)備進(jìn)行發(fā)電。其原理是將儲(chǔ)藏在生物質(zhì)中的化學(xué)能通過在特定氣化爐中燃燒轉(zhuǎn)化為可燃?xì)怏w，再通過燃?xì)鈾C(jī)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)化為清潔高效的電能。生物質(zhì)氣化發(fā)電技術(shù)是指生物質(zhì)在氣化爐中轉(zhuǎn)化為氣體燃料，經(jīng)凈化后直接進(jìn)入燃?xì)鈾C(jī)中燃燒發(fā)電或者直接進(jìn)入燃料電池發(fā)電。氣化發(fā)電的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一是燃?xì)鈨艋?，氣化出來的燃?xì)舛己幸欢ǖ碾s質(zhì)，包括灰分、焦炭和焦油等，需經(jīng)過凈化系統(tǒng)把雜質(zhì)除去，以保證發(fā)電設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行。
Biomass gasification power generation technology is the process of converting biomass into combustible gas and reusing combustible gas to generate electricity through gas powered power generation equipment. The principle is to convert the chemical energy stored in biomass into combustible gas through combustion in a specific gasifier, and then convert it into clean and efficient electricity through a gas turbine power generation system. Biomass gasification power generation technology refers to the conversion of biomass into gas fuel in a gasifier, which is purified and directly burned in a gas engine for power generation or directly fed into a fuel cell for power generation. One of the key technologies for gasification power generation is gas purification. The gasified gas contains certain impurities, including ash, coke, and tar, which need to be removed through a purification system to ensure the normal operation of the power generation equipment.
沼氣發(fā)電技術(shù)是隨著沼氣綜合利用的不斷發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的一項(xiàng)沼氣利用技術(shù),它將沼氣用于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上,并裝有綜合發(fā)電裝置,以產(chǎn)生電能和熱能,是有效利用沼氣的一種重要方式。沼氣發(fā)電是隨著沼氣綜合利用技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展而出現(xiàn)的一項(xiàng)沼氣利用技術(shù)，其主要原理是利用工農(nóng)業(yè)或城鎮(zhèn)生活中的大量有機(jī)廢棄物經(jīng)厭氧發(fā)酵處理產(chǎn)生的沼氣驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)電機(jī)組發(fā)電。用于沼氣發(fā)電的設(shè)備主要為內(nèi)燃機(jī)，一般由柴油機(jī)組或者天然氣機(jī)組改造而成。沼氣多產(chǎn)生于污水處理廠、垃圾填埋場(chǎng)、酒廠、食品加工廠、養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)等。
Biogas power generation technology is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization. It uses biogas in engines and is equipped with comprehensive power generation devices to generate electricity and heat, which is an important way to effectively utilize biogas. Biogas power generation is a biogas utilization technology that has emerged with the continuous development of biogas comprehensive utilization technology. Its main principle is to use a large amount of organic waste in industry, agriculture, or urban life to be anaerobic fermented and produce biogas to drive power generation units. The equipment used for biogas power generation is mainly internal combustion engines, which are generally modified from diesel or natural gas units. Biogas is often produced in sewage treatment plants, landfills, distilleries, food processing plants, and livestock farms.

沼氣是在厭氧條件下有機(jī)物經(jīng)多種微生物的分解與轉(zhuǎn)化作用后產(chǎn)生的可燃性氣體，屬于生物質(zhì)能的范疇，主要成分是甲烷二氧化碳，其中甲烷含量約為50%～70%，二氧化碳含量為30%～40%（容積比）還有少量的硫化氫、氮、氧、氫等氣體，約占總含量的10%～20%。甲烷在空氣中與火燃燒，轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎趸己退⑨尫懦瞿芰?。沼氣發(fā)酵又稱為厭氧消化、厭氧發(fā)酵或甲烷發(fā)酵，是指有機(jī)物質(zhì)在一定的水分、溫度和厭氧條件下，通過種類繁多、數(shù)量巨大且功能不同的各類微生物的分解代謝，形成甲烷和二氧化碳等混合性氣體（沼氣）的復(fù)雜生物化學(xué)過程。
Biogas is a combustible gas produced by the decomposition and transformation of organic matter under anaerobic conditions by various microorganisms. It belongs to the category of biomass energy and is mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. The methane content is about 50-70%, and the carbon dioxide content is 30-40% (volume ratio). There are also small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and other gases, accounting for about 10-20% of the total content. Methane burns with fire in the air, converting into carbon dioxide and water, and releasing energy. Biogas fermentation, also known as anaerobic digestion, anaerobic fermentation or methane fermentation, refers to the complex biological chemical process in which organic matter forms methane, carbon dioxide and other mixed gases (biogas) under certain water, temperature and anaerobic conditions through the catabolism of various microorganisms with various types, large quantities and different functions.
生物質(zhì)混合燃燒發(fā)電是指將生物質(zhì)原料應(yīng)用于燃煤電廠中，使用生物質(zhì)和煤兩種原料進(jìn)行發(fā)電。其原理是將生物質(zhì)和煤一起在鍋爐中燃燒轉(zhuǎn)化為高溫、高壓蒸汽的內(nèi)能，再通過蒸汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)子的動(dòng)能，通過發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化電能。生物質(zhì)和煤混合燃燒技術(shù)可分為直接混燒和氣化利用兩種形式。生物質(zhì)還可以與煤混合作為燃料發(fā)電，稱為生物質(zhì)混合燃燒發(fā)電技術(shù)?；旌先紵绞街饕袃煞N。一種是生物質(zhì)直接與煤混合后投入燃燒，該方式對(duì)于燃料處理和燃燒設(shè)備要求較高，不是所有燃煤發(fā)電廠都能采用；一種是生物質(zhì)氣化產(chǎn)生的燃?xì)馀c煤混合燃燒，這種混合燃燒系統(tǒng)中燃燒，產(chǎn)生的蒸汽一同送入汽輪機(jī)發(fā)電機(jī)組。
Biomass mixed combustion power generation refers to the application of biomass raw materials in coal-fired power plants, using both biomass and coal for power generation. The principle is to burn biomass and coal together in a boiler and convert them into internal energy of high-temperature and high-pressure steam, which is then converted into kinetic energy of the rotor through a steam turbine, and converted into electrical energy through a generator. The mixed combustion technology of biomass and coal can be divided into two forms: direct mixed combustion and gasification utilization. Biomass can also be mixed with coal as a fuel for power generation, known as biomass mixed combustion power generation technology. There are two main methods of mixed combustion. One method is to directly mix biomass with coal and put it into combustion. This method requires high requirements for fuel treatment and combustion equipment, and not all coal-fired power plants can adopt it; One type is the mixed combustion of gas and coal generated from biomass gasification. In this mixed combustion system, the generated steam is sent together to the steam turbine generator set.
(1)遵守“以熱定電，熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)”原則。由于該市工業(yè)和采暖熱負(fù)荷較大，根據(jù)熱負(fù)荷特點(diǎn)，并從保證投資效益的角度來考慮，裝機(jī)方案應(yīng)在滿足近期熱負(fù)荷需求的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合該市遠(yuǎn)期熱負(fù)荷規(guī)模及電力負(fù)荷需求的規(guī)劃來確定，實(shí)現(xiàn)熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)和集中供熱的目的。
(1) Adhere to the principle of "electricity determined by heat, cogeneration". Due to the large industrial and heating load in the city, based on the characteristics of the heat load and from the perspective of ensuring investment efficiency, the installation plan should be determined based on meeting the recent heat load demand, combined with the planning of the city's long-term heat load scale and power load demand, to achieve the purpose of cogeneration and centralized heating.
(2)為了保證供熱的安全可靠，應(yīng)盡量使機(jī)組的容量和臺(tái)數(shù)趨于合理，以避免在停運(yùn)大一臺(tái)機(jī)組時(shí)對(duì)供熱產(chǎn)生過大影響。
(2) In order to ensure the safety and reliability of heating, it is necessary to try to make the capacity and number of units more reasonable to avoid excessive impact on heating when a larger unit is shut down.
(3)為提高熱電廠的效率，主機(jī)設(shè)備應(yīng)選用較高的初參數(shù)。
(3) To improve the efficiency of thermal power plants, higher initial parameters should be selected for the main equipment.
3生物質(zhì)發(fā)電未來前景展望
Prospects for the Future of Biomass Power Generation
隨著生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的不斷加劇，大型生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電企業(yè)間并購整合與資本運(yùn)作日趨頻繁，國(guó)內(nèi)優(yōu)秀的生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電企業(yè)愈來愈重視對(duì)行業(yè)市場(chǎng)的研究，特別是對(duì)企業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境和客戶需求趨勢(shì)變化的深入研究。正因?yàn)槿绱?，一大批?guó)內(nèi)優(yōu)秀的生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電企業(yè)迅速崛起，逐漸成為生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)中的翹楚!
With the continuous intensification of competition in the biomass power generation industry, mergers and acquisitions and capital operations among large biomass power generation enterprises are becoming increasingly frequent. Excellent domestic biomass power generation enterprises are increasingly paying attention to research on the industry market, especially in-depth research on the development environment of enterprises and changes in customer demand trends. Because of this, a large number of excellent domestic biomass power generation enterprises have rapidly risen and gradually become leaders in the biomass power generation industry!
同時(shí)，發(fā)展生物質(zhì)發(fā)電，實(shí)施煤炭替代，可顯著減少二氧化碳和二氧化硫排放，產(chǎn)生巨大的環(huán)境效益。與傳統(tǒng)化石燃料相比，生物質(zhì)能屬于清潔燃料，燃燒后二氧化碳排放屬于自然界的碳循環(huán)，不形成污染。據(jù)測(cè)算，運(yùn)營(yíng)1臺(tái)2.5萬kW的生物質(zhì)發(fā)電機(jī)組，與同類型火電機(jī)組相比，可減少二氧化碳排放約10萬t/a。前瞻網(wǎng)《2013-2017年生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電行業(yè)深度調(diào)研與投資戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃分析報(bào)告》預(yù)測(cè)，到2025年之前，可再生能源中，生物質(zhì)能發(fā)電將占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。未來，利用生物質(zhì)再生能源發(fā)電已經(jīng)成為解決能源短缺的重要途徑之一。
At the same time, developing biomass power generation and implementing coal substitution can significantly reduce carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, generating huge environmental benefits. Compared with traditional fossil fuels, biomass energy is a clean fuel, and carbon dioxide emissions after combustion belong to the carbon cycle of nature, which does not form pollution. According to calculations, operating one 25000 kW biomass power generation unit can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 100000 t/a compared to similar thermal power units. According to the "2013 2017 China Biomass Power Generation Industry Deep Research and Investment Strategy Planning Analysis Report" by Qianfeng Network, biomass power generation will occupy a dominant position in renewable energy by 2025. In the future, utilizing biomass renewable energy for power generation has become one of the important ways to solve energy shortages.